A naturally occurring, dense, lustrous, yellow precious metal
widespread in low concentrations in all igneous rocks. Its abundance
in the Earth's crust is estimated at about 0.005 parts per million.
Four countries, South Africa, Russia, the United States, and
Australia, account for two-thirds of the gold produced annually
throughout the world, (South Africa, with its vast Witwatersrand
mines, produces about one-third of the world's gold) with Canada
and Brazil also having substantial deposits.
There are numerous methods of recovery depending on the type
of deposit.
As a food additive it is used solely for external decoration
where it can be found on chocolate confectionery, in the covering
of dragées and the decoration of sugar-coated flour confectionery.
Chemically, gold is very inactive and therefore virtually harmless,
however as there is no dietary requirement it is probably best
avoided.
Not permitted in Australia.
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